“A STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA”

AUTHOR – S DEEPAN KUMAR* & MR. AJAY KRISHNA S P**

* STUDENT AT VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED STUDIES (VISTAS)

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED STUDIES (VISTAS)

BEST CITATION – S DEEPAN KUMAR & MR. AJAY KRISHNA S P, “A STUDY ON THE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA”, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (7) OF 2026, PG. 726-735, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Agriculture has historically been the backbone of the Indian economy, providing livelihood to over half the population and ensuring national food availability. While the Green Revolution transformed India from a food-deficit nation to one capable of self-sufficiency, excessive reliance on chemical inputs, monocropping, and groundwater exploitation has created serious environmental and socio-economic imbalances that threaten long-term food security. This article undertakes a critical socio-legal analysis of the relationship between sustainable agricultural practices and food security in India. It examines the constitutional and statutory frameworks—including the National Food Security Act 2013, the National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, and allied environmental legislation—and evaluates their effectiveness in integrating sustainability with food security objectives. Drawing on international frameworks such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Agreement, and comparative models from the European Union and Argentina, the article identifies persistent structural barriers including fragmented landholdings, inadequate credit, certification burdens, market failures, and governance deficits. It concludes that India’s future food security is contingent on a systemic shift from a production-centric to a sustainability-oriented agricultural paradigm, supported by comprehensive legal reform, inclusive policy design, and coordinated institutional action.

Keywords: Sustainable agriculture, food security, National Food Security Act 2013, National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, Green Revolution, organic farming, Zero Budget Natural Farming, socio-legal analysis, agricultural law, India