GIFT OF LIFE, RULE OF LAW – HUMAN ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION IN INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

AUTHOR –JISHA JS* & DR. CH. VENKATESWARLU**

* STUDENT AT VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & ADVANCED STUDIES (VISTAS)

** ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT SCHOOL OF LAW, VELS INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ADVANCED STUDIES (VISTAS)

BEST CITATION – JISHA JS & DR. CH. VENKATESWARLU, GIFT OF LIFE, RULE OF LAW – HUMAN ORGAN AND TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION IN INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY FRAMEWORK, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (8) OF 2026, PG. 463-470, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344.

ABSTRACT

Organ and tissue transplantation represents one of the most significant achievements in modern medicine, offering renewed life to patients suffering from end-stage organ failure. In India, this field is governed by a robust legislative architecture anchored in the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994, as amended in 2011, and its accompanying Rules of 2014. This article provides a thorough examination of the statutory provisions, institutional mechanisms, ethical considerations, and enforcement challenges that shape the transplantation landscape in India. It further discusses the roles of key regulatory bodies, the legal framework surrounding brain death certification, living and deceased donor protocols, anti-commercialisation measures, and emerging policy directions aimed at bridging the wide gap between organ demand and supply in the country.