AI-GENERATED EVIDENCE AND ADMISSIBILITY UNDER THE INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT
AUTHOR – GOURIKA AGANPAL, STUDENT AT IILM UNIVERSITY
BEST CITATION – GOURIKA AGANPAL, AI-GENERATED EVIDENCE AND ADMISSIBILITY UNDER THE INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, INDIAN JOURNAL OF LEGAL REVIEW (IJLR), 6 (8) OF 2026, PG. 746-753, APIS – 3920 – 0001 & ISSN – 2583-2344
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming an important part of modern society and is now influencing the legal system as well. From facial recognition technology and automated forensic analysis to deepfake videos and AI-generated audio recordings, digital technology has changed the nature of evidence used in courts. Indian evidence law was originally framed when traditional forms of evidence such as oral testimony and paper documents were more common. However, the growth of AI-generated content has created new legal and ethical challenges regarding authenticity, reliability, and admissibility.
This paper examines the concept of AI-generated evidence and its admissibility under Indian law. It discusses the provisions relating to electronic evidence under the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023. The paper also analyzes important judicial decisions related to electronic evidence and highlights challenges such as deepfakes, manipulation of digital records, lack of transparency in AI systems, and absence of specific legal regulations in India. Further, the paper suggests reforms including stronger authentication procedures, technical expert assistance, judicial training, and stricter regulation of deepfake technology.
In my opinion, AI can become a useful tool for improving investigation and judicial efficiency, but excessive dependence on machines without proper human supervision may create serious risks for justice delivery.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Electronic Evidence, Deepfakes, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, Indian Evidence Act, Digital Evidence, Admissibility.